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Basic Information

Turning is one of the oldest and the most fundamental manufacturing processes. It is the machining of a round workpiece; the profile of the workpiece can be straight, conical, curved, or grooves, like shafts, spindles, pins, handles, and various machine components. In turning, the work piece is rotated and the cutting tool is stationary; this is different from another very old and traditional machining process, milling, where the cutting tool rotates and the workpiece moves in transition only.

Schematic illustration of a turning operation showing depth of cut, d, and feed, f.

Cutting speed is the surface speed of the workpiece at the tool tip.

Source: Kalpakjian, Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials.